Suppose there are several rail lines converging on a station. How would you arrange the station so it is best arranged for passengers? Since this is hypothetical, I will call each line by a radial instead of a real-world terminus.
When I call a line by a radial, I don't mean it literally only follows that line. This is the direction it leaves the station at and meets several stations. So if I say a line follows the radial 0 degrees, it means the rail line leaves the station at 0 degrees (which is due North) and meets 7 or more stations on the imaginary line of the 0-degree radial. If I say a line is on the 90 degree radial, it leaves the station due east and meets 7 or more stations due east of the station. It doesn't mean the line literally goes due east the entire line. And we will assume these lines are long (as opposed to NYC's Fraklin Avenue Shuttle which is sort by the virtue of being a shuttle) so 7 stations form a minority of the stations on each line.
The first line sits on the 90 and 120-degree radials. On the 90-degree radial, there is a triple tracked section, one for inbound traffic, one for outbound, and one for freight and trains to use as a backup when trackwork is done. All trains descend underground as they approach the city center long before reaching the station. Inbound track splits into one which heads towards the station and not-very-well used balloon loop on a non-revenue track that theoretically allow trains to swap to the freight track where they can in turn go back to the outbound track after a switch. The inbound and outbound tracks connect to the 120-degree right of way, a double tracked line. Passenger rolling stock are EMUs with overheat 24kV catenary compatible with the rail main line (like some German S-Bhan passenger trains) as opposed to metros incompatible with the main line (like Toronto's metros). Frequencies are every 3 minutes. Freight rolling stock are electric locomotives pulling freight.
The second line sits on 180 and 210-degree radials. On the 180-degree radial, there is a triple tracked section, one for inbound traffic, one for outbound, and one for freight and trains to use as a backup when trackwork is done. All trains descend underground as they approach the city center Inbound track splits into one which heads towards the station and not-very-well used balloon loop on a non-revenue track that theoretically allow trains to swap to the freight track where they can in turn go back to the outbound track after a switch. The inbound and outbound tracks connect to the 210-degree right of way, a double tracked line. Passenger rolling stock are EMUs with overheat 24kV catenary compatible with the rail main line as opposed to metros incompatible with the main line. Freight rolling stock are electric locomotives pulling freight.
The third line sites on the 270 and 300-degree radial lines. On the 270-degree radial, there is a triple tracked section, one for inbound traffic, one for outbound, and one for freight and trains to use as a backup when trackwork is done. All trains descend underground as they approach the city center. Inbound track splits into one which heads towards the station another balloon loop on a non-revenue track that theoretically allow trains to swap to the freight track where they can in turn go back to the outbound track after a switch. The inbound and outbound tracks connect to the 300-degree radial right of way, a double tracked line. Passenger rolling stock are EMUs with overheat 24kV catenary compatible with the rail main line as opposed to metros incompatible with the main line. Freight rolling stock are electric locomotives pulling freight.
On the 0-degree radial, there is a triple tracked right of way. This carries normal passenger trains on intercity rail and freight. Electrification is 24kV with overhead catenary. During morning rush hour, 7 trains come in a 60-minute period, then 6 trains in the next 2 hours. In the outgoing rush hour 7 trains leave in a 60-minute period followed by 6 trains in the next 2 hours. Every hour except midnight to 3 am there is at least one inbound and outbound train. Rolling stock are push-pull electric locomotives. Unlike a normal intercity train line, there are 7 other stations inside the main city limits the first inbound train and outbound train of both rush hours stop at every station on the line. Service goes 70 km outside the city, but it is connected to other rail lines. This service historically stopped at the surface, but if you can imagine a reason it should go underground, pretend the transit authority did have the money to do so.
So we have 3 passenger lines that are in some sense 6 lines that through run with high frequencies. The lines that follow the freight right of way go outside city limits like MBTA's Red line to Braintree. there is also 1 intercity rail line.
The fright lines are used every week and on some days a line might see 3 or 4 freight consists. The freight lines go beyond the termini of each metro line in a double track right of way. The tunnels are large enough for the giant freight consists.
All train lines connect to a right of way on the 60-degree radial that heads to the city's primary layover yard for their EMUs. The layover yard is just 3 blocks away. The rail continues to a freight terminal that allows cargo to be loaded on ships. There are no passenger service for the dockworkers.
The surface level of the station has a lot of bus lines converging on the station.
What's the best layout of this hypothetical station? My first through was to arrange the freight trains to be at a different level than the passenger platforms. Non-revenue tracks leading to the layover yard would also be on a different level. Then I imagined all the passenger platforms on a separate level and tried to think of the best way to arrange it. So, I thought of cross-platform interchange and tried to think of how I can get passengers from any line to any other line. I can't think of an arrangement. Maybe the secret is to take advantage of the fact that the platforms are underground and have them at different levels.
Edit: I could also ask If you could design Berlin Südkreuz station - Wikipedia in any way possible while keeping the same train lines (so ICE3 still needs to terminate there, S2 still needs to connect to Berlin Yorckstraße station and Priesterweg station while heading towards Blankenfelde station, S25 still needs to connect to Berlin Yorckstraße station and Priesterweg station while heading towards Teltow Stadt station, S42 still needs to connect Berlin-Tempelhof station and Berlin-Schöneberg station, S45 still needs be a terminus and go to Berlin-Tempelhof station heading towards BER Airport, RE8 still needs to connect to Berlin-Lichterfelde Ost station and so on) how would you design it? Any answer to this probably answers the original question about the hypothetical station, except adjust for the tracks to the layover yard.