Taken from a comment I saw on the Christianity sub:

"[The impossibility of a bottleneck of two individuals] isn’t actually what the scientific evidence establishes. William Lane Craig deals with this extensively in *In* *Quest of the Historical Adam*.

The old objection was that population genetics supposedly demonstrated that humanity could never have passed through a bottleneck of only two individuals. But that conclusion depends on models and assumptions about mutation rates and population history.

Work by Joshua Swamidass showed that a two-person bottleneck more than roughly 500,000 years ago could be undetectable in the genetic evidence. And in 2023, population-genetic research identified a severe human population bottleneck around 900,000–800,000 years ago, estimating fewer than 1,300 breeding individuals **on average** during that period not a minimum population of 1,300.

Craig argues that this is entirely compatible with an original founding pair. So you can argue that the evidence makes a two-person origin unlikely, but saying it is “absolutely contrary to all the scientific evidence” is far too strong. The scientific evidence does not rule out a historical Adam and Eve or even their universal genealogical/genetic ancestry. It is an active scientific question with legitimate models on both sides."