r/IReadABookAndAdoredIt • u/YakSlothLemon • 2h ago
Every Living Thing: The Great and Deadly Race to Know All Life by Jason Roberts
Have you ever loved a book so much that you don’t know where to start praising it? This might be the best book about history and ideas that I have ever read, and it also won the Pulitzer Prize for biography. If you love incredibly well-written nonfiction, or books that are built around a great central question that pulls you in, or that offer you a perspective you never had before: this book has all of that.
This book has it all.
It’s structured around the rivalry between two men in the 1700s, both of them captivated by the idea of classifying all life. One of them, the madly ambitious Swede Carl Linnaeus, was a fabulously unpleasant human being who sent his apostles off to die in the jungle while he sat home in Sweden refusing to educate his daughters. Minerals confused him, he classed walruses as amphibians, and by the time he died he had been almost forgotten.
Meanwhile, in France, the polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, was running the King’s garden, correctly deduced the existence of both Pangaea and the Bering land bridge, was an abolitionist and supporter of women’s rights, made groundbreaking discoveries in metallurgy, and was hailed throughout Europe as the greatest genius of the 18th century.
But within a few decades after their deaths, LeClerc would be forgotten, and Linnaeus would be the one who was raised on a pedestal for posterity.
Why? And how did it happen?
The author brings both these men to life, along with the times in which they lived. He’s the kind of writer who’s got a fabulous eye for those anecdotes he knows will fascinate you – like the story of “Jean” Baret, a botanist’s assistant on France’s first attempt to circumnavigate the globe, who was only discovered to be a woman when they got to Tahiti! Jeanne was put ashore in Mauritius, but later managed to get back to France on another ship – making her the first woman to go around the world. I love that he makes room for her and other stories like that, he knows how to keep you engaged and interested.
He also writes, not from our current perspective, but starting from what people knew at the time, so that you can understand how their ideas evolved (and why those walruses ended up as amphibians…) There’s an intellectual line through to Lamarck – who it turns out has been misrepresented for two centuries – and eventually Darwin, and you can see how the ideas build one on the other. At the same time, there’s also a line straight through to British colonialism and to racism to this day, and he follows that as well, because this is also a political story.
(Personally I think my favorite thing in the book was Thomas Jefferson’s visit to Leclerc. In the US we were always taught Jefferson was an American genius, but LeClerc as an abolitionist of course was unimpressed from the start, and when Jefferson spent his visit insisting that there were mammoths roaming the American west Leclerc thought he was a fool. And you can see why. I loved that about the book too, that he consistently gives me new perspectives on people and events that I thought I knew well.)
Have I made it sound like a lot? Roberts makes it all so clear. It’s an absolute pleasure to read.
Really, if you love biography, or anything about the history of ideas or the history of science, or just the question of why we remember some people and not others, I bet you will love this!
