r/gis • u/FlatTaro6604 • 4d ago
Professional Questions Do you still struggle with building footprint extraction?
Hello, I'd like to hear from others working in this space. What has been the most challenging part of building footprint extraction for you, and have you found an approach, model or workflow that improved the experience?
This is my experience:
The theory is simple: take high-resolution imagery, run a segmentation model, and extract polygons. The reality is a long chain of things that go wrong.
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗶𝘀 𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗹𝘆 𝗰𝗼𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 Off-nadir angles shift rooftops away from their true footprint, shadows and tree cover hide building edges, and reference labels are frequently misaligned or outdated. A model that performs well in one city often struggles in the next.
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗼𝗼𝗹𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗱 Many off-the-shelf detection tools and pretrained models fail before they detect a single building. They expect 8-bit, 3-band RGB, so 4-band imagery has to be reduced to an RGB composite and the near-infrared information is discarded. 16-bit data has to be rescaled. Resolution has to fall within the range the model was trained on, and the software, deep learning framework and GPU drivers all have to be compatible. When something doesn't match, the error messages rarely explain why.
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗽𝘂𝘁 𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱𝘀 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 A segmentation mask is not a map-ready footprint. Adjacent buildings merge, edges are irregular, and tiles leave seams and duplicates. Turning results into clean, valid polygons usually takes significant post-processing and manual review.

