The friendship between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft did not create the modern Progressive movement, but instead strengthened and legitimized it as a serious national movement. Clearly, the falling out between the two men in 1912 set the wheels in motion for Woodrow Wilson's rise while fracturing the Republican Party.

🎬 I animated his story: India's Richest King Used a Diamond as a Paperweight. A short written version is below.

Mir Osman Ali Khan became the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad in 1911, aged 25. His state covered about 82,000 square miles and had its own army, currency and railway. In 1937 TIME put him on its cover as the richest man in the world.

• The paperweight: he reportedly kept the 185-carat Jacob Diamond on his desk as one.
• The builder: after the 1908 Musi flood killed an estimated 50,000 people, the Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar reservoirs were built above Hyderabad. He also founded Osmania University (1918).
• The giver: Rs 10 lakh to Banaras Hindu University and Rs 5 lakh to Aligarh Muslim University.
• The myth: the popular claim that he donated 5,000 kg of gold to India in 1965 isn't on record. He invested about 425 kg in the 1965 gold bond scheme (Factly fact-check).
• The end: Hyderabad was integrated into India in 1948. He served as Rajpramukh from 1950 to 1956 and died in 1967, and around a million people joined his funeral procession.

Sources: Wikipedia, Mir Osman Ali Khan and Hyderabad State; Factly.

Disclosure: it's my own channel. The illustrations are drawn by me, and the narration is AI-generated.

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